Horizontal well and black steel pipe are spaced uniformly along the entire length. The common fracture height and the length of each fracture can be accurately measured by steel pipe producers. Fluids and gas flow into each fracture plane from both sides of the black steel pipe. This is largely due to the permeability of black steel pipe in comparison to the effective permeability of the rock matrix. In some cases, natural fractures may be found in black steel pipe and they help one to understand how steel pipe production evolves. For instance, when an oil well is drilled and completed, the flow of gas is complicated and requires a lot of black steel pipes. What is more, it is difficult to predict what kind of improvements steel pipe producers can make. In practice, the resulting initial transients of black steel pipe should enter a phase where the fluids would flow into the fracture planes.
In some cases, steel pipe is fed by the rock matrix, where gas is stored or even adsorbed in very small pores. It turns out that the gas effectively flows along paths made by black steel pipe. There are straight lines that are perpendicular to the fracture planes of the pipe system. The initially high pressure of fluids or gases may diffuse toward the pipe fractures, which are kept at a low pressure. This pressure diffusion will create a higher production rate that is proportional to the inverse of the square root of time for steel pipe producers.
The two phase microstructure can be constructed by means of very short distance diffusion of carbon in metal matrix. More and more frequently we meet high end black steel pipe during isothermal quenching of ductile iron. The matrix is a mixture of ferrite and carbon austenite while isothermal quenching is used also to low alloy steel with higher silicon content. Induced plasticity effect of black steel pipe is more and more frequently used in automotive industry while the microstructure consists of ferrite and retained austenite.
In general, black steel pipe is very similar to other steel matrix microstructure. The quenching procedure for steel pipe producers is also very similar so it would be very interesting to compare both structures to see the similarities or differences. At some point in time, the pressure along the plane may drop below the original reservoir pressure so steel pipe producers have to ensure that their pipes are strong and high quality. The production rate is relative to the square-root-of-time behavior of steel pipe producers in the interference time. Eventually, the system is so depleted that the amount coming out per time is proportional to the remaining in the system.
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